However, the combat efficiency of a submarine is dependent on its ability to remain submerged and undetected, so much effort has recently been devoted to developing air independent propulsion (AIP) systems to provide some of the benefits of nuclear propulsion without the great expense (see Chapter 14). It was retained for propelling torpedoes by the British and the Soviet Union, although hastily abandoned by the former following the HMS Sidon tragedy. Scrubbing : The process of removing certain gases from the exhaust by the usage of appropriate chemicals in a scrubber. The Type 212’s double hull displaces 1,800 tons submerged, and is made of nonmagnetic materials so that it is not susceptible to detection by magnetic anomaly detectors. A Norwegian combat management system is intended to integrate data from the Type 212’s various sensors, which include both a towed passive sonar array deployed from the sail and a hull-mounted flank array. The Type 212A is intended as a stealthy reconnaissance boat and ship hunter, which is why its armament was initially confined to torpedoes. 4.37. i was thinking that if we can produce hydrogen and oxygen from seawater by electrolysis when the submarine is underwater we can use it to run fuel cells and we can even run our diesel engines provided we find the way to remove exhaust under sea. In the Soviet system, called a "single propulsion system", oxygen was added after the exhaust gases had been filtered through a lime-based chemical absorbent. Reportedly, the German Navy is working on installing a retractable thirty-millimeter Moray autocannon to provide fire support for special forces, which would seem like a throwback to the days of deck-mounted guns. This AIP also increases range along with endurance. Fig. The internal atmosphere can contain many pollutants some deriving from the new materials carried and others becoming important because they build up to dangerous levels over an extended period. The glider-looking plane has a 0.5 kW PEMFC, capable of providing more power than the similar planes aimed for human bicycle propulsion. The limited diving depth available for reasons of strength reduces the time available for corrective action should the vessel suddenly take on a bow down attitude. The influence of vibrations caused by turbulence on fuel cell stability and performance has been analysed by Rouss et al. This is easier than developing different systems for each submarine class. However, the U.S. Navy is nearly unique for its global focus; it intends to fight in areas distant from U.S. shores. Submersibles carrying 40 passengers are in service in Florida and the Caribbean. He serves as a Senior Lecturer at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky. Thanks. In this condition, B may still be relatively low and a critical stability condition can result.
Nuclear reactors have been used since the 1950s to power submarines. Thanks to you. Probably not. During regular patrols or in friendly territory, an AIP equipped submarine will snorkel often to recharge its batteries. A European project looked at environmental impacts from using hydrogen on ferries (see Chapter 6), and proposals for use of PEMFCs or SOFCs for propulsion were forwarded.
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