[5] After moving the family from town to town in the West, his mother, with three young children, settled in Yakima, Washington. NPS Photo. Douglas' story is a true Horatio Alger story, but it is also the story of a man that could alter his own story to put himself in the best light. The first one was on the 17 June 1953 when William M. Wheeler of Georgia introduced an … Picking cherries, Douglas would say later, inspired him to a legal career. After the hike, the Post changed its stance and advocated preservation of the Canal in its historic state. William O. Douglas was a prolific writer and published over 30 books including his autobiography, Go East, Young Man: The Early Years (1974) and The Court Years: 1939-1975 (1980). Douglas had the most marriages (four) and the most divorces (three) of any justice serving on the bench. He died on February 15, 1989 in Washington, USA. Douglas quit the Cravath firm after four months. The river, for example, is the living symbol of all the life it sustains or nourishes—fish, aquatic insects, water ouzels, otter, fisher, deer, elk, bear, and all other animals, including man, who are dependent on it or who enjoy it for its sight, its sound, or its life. From 1950 to 1961, Douglas travelled extensively in the Middle East and Asia. [6] Douglas later revealed that his appointment had been a great surprise to him (Roosevelt had summoned him to an "important meeting"), and Douglas feared that he would be named as the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission. Douglas wrote many of his opinions in twenty minutes, often publishing the first draft. [12], Since the 1970 impeachment hearings, Douglas had wanted to retire from the court. This generation experienced much of their youth during the Great Depression and rapid technological innovation such as the radio and the telephone. He later said of the occasion, "We had had differences in the past, but I wanted to stress that bygones were bygones. William O. Douglas Collection at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College. Douglas, joined by Black, furthered his advocacy of a broad reading of First Amendment rights by dissenting from the Supreme Court's decision in Dennis v. United States (1952), which affirmed the conviction of the leader of the U.S. Communist Party. William Douglas was born on April 23, 1932 in New Haven, Connecticut, USA as William Orville Douglas Jr. [16] By 1937, he had become an adviser and friend to the president and the chairman. Publicity Listings Professor Kastenberg notes in his recent book on the subject, that Attorney General John Mitchell and his deputy, William Wilson had promised Ford that the Central Intelligence Agency, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Federal Bureau of Investigations had evidence of Douglas' criminal conduct. "[19] Ultimately, Douglas believed that a judge's role was "not neutral" as "The Constitution is not neutral. Douglas was a friend and frequent guest of Harry Randall Truman, the owner of the Mount St. Helens Lodge at Spirit Lake in Washington. Attempts were made to draft popular retired war hero general Dwight D. Eisenhower for the nomination. He died on January 19, 1980 in Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Douglas's close associate Tommy Corcoran was later heard to ask, "Why be a number two man to a number two man? He was survived by his fourth wife, Cathleen Douglas, and two children, Mildred and William Jr., with his first wife. I forgot to tell you that this gang in power is not in search of truth. [33] It was designed to take the government off the backs of the people."[20]. [25] Six hours later the eight other justices reconvened by telephone for a special term and unanimously overturned Douglas's ruling.[27]. He was also close, both socially and in thinking to the Progressives of the era, such as Philip and Robert La Follette, Jr. and later with President Kennedy. Some of his judicial opinions have a remarkable resonance and eloquence. William O. Douglas was born in 1890s. Douglas received two votes on the second ballot and none on the first. In 1975, Timemagazine called Douglas "the mos… "[23] Douglas now outspokenly argued the war was illegal, dissenting whenever the Court passed on an opportunity to hear such claims. Some historians, including biographer Bruce Murphy, asserted that this claim was false,[5][6][12] although Murphy later added, according to Washington Post editorial writer Charles Lane, that Douglas's "career on the court makes it 'appropriate'" that he be buried in Arlington Cemetery. [34] His love for the environment carried through to his judicial reasoning. With fellow justice Hugo Black, Douglas argued for a "literalist" interpretation of the First Amendment, insisting that the First Amendment's command that "no law" shall restrict freedom of speech should be interpreted literally. The names on the list included former senator and Supreme Court justice James F. Byrnes of South Carolina, former senator (and future Supreme Court justice) Sherman Minton, former governor and high commissioner to the Philippines Paul McNutt of Indiana, House speaker Sam Rayburn of Texas, Senator Alben W. Barkley of Kentucky, Senator Harry S. Truman of Missouri, and Douglas. When, in early 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt decided not to support the renomination of Vice President Henry A. Wallace at the party's national convention, a short list of possible replacements was drafted. William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was an American jurist and politician who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. When Douglas tried in March 1976 to hear arguments in a capital-punishment case, Gregg v. Georgia, the nine sitting justices signed a formal letter informing him that his retirement had ended his official duties on the Court. (1980). The Republican congressmen, however, refused to give the majority Democrats copies of the magazines described, prompting Congressman Wayne Hays to remark, "Has anybody read the article – or is everybody over there who has a magazine just looking at the pictures? Its publisher had served a prison sentence for the distribution of another magazine in 1966 that had been deemed pornographic by some critics. When Attorney General Herbert Brownell heard about the stay, however, he immediately took his objection to Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, who reconvened the Court before the appointed date and set aside the stay. People tend to agree strongly or equally strongly to disagree with his independentminded judicial philosophy, much as they intensely liked or disliked the blunt-spoken and impatient man. In April 1970, Ford moved to impeach Douglas in an attempt to hit back at the Senate. [7] Douglas drew on his Beta Theta Pi membership to help him survive in New York, as he stayed at one of its houses and was able to borrow $75 from a fraternity brother from Washington, enough to enroll at Columbia. [62], For much of his life, Douglas was dogged by various rumors and allegations about his private life, originating from political rivals and other detractors of his liberal legal opinions on the Court—often a matter of controversy. The most common epithet was "Wild Bill" in reference to his independent and often-unpredictable stances and his cowboy-style mannerisms, but many of the latter were considered by some to be affectations for the consumption of the press. [23], After Diem's assassination in November 1963, Douglas became strongly critical of the war, believing Diem had been killed because he "was not sufficiently servile to Pentagon demands. In 1944, Douglas voted with the majority to uphold the wartime internment of Japanese Americans, in Korematsu v. United States but, over the course of his career, he grew to become a leading advocate of individual rights. Justice Clarence Thomas would years later hang a sign in his chambers reading, "Please don't emanate in the penumbras."[15]. William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was an American jurist and politician who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.Nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Douglas was confirmed at the age of 40, one of the youngest justices appointed to the court.His term, lasting 36 years and 211 days … [15] William Douglas Jr. became an actor, playing Gerald Zinser in PT 109. View agent, publicist, legal and company contact details on IMDbPro. William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was an American jurist and politician who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1962, Douglas wrote a glowing review of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, which was included in the widely-read Book-of-the-Month Club edition. [38] These supporters claimed that Hannegan, a Truman supporter, feared that Douglas's nomination would drive Southern white voters away from the ticket (Douglas had a strong anti-segregation record on the Supreme Court) and had switched the names to suggest that Truman was Roosevelt's real choice.[38]. [12]:324–325 Because of widespread opposition to his decision, Douglas briefly faced impeachment proceedings in Congress, but attempts to remove him from the Court went nowhere. However, Douglas, who frequently hiked on the Canal towpath, opposed the plan and challenged reporters to hike the 185 mile length of the Canal with him. The next year Joan titled her senior thesis "Testimonies and Concepts of William O. Douglas," and after graduation she headed for Washington. Hired for similar projects, he saved $1,000 by semester's end.[10]. William O. Douglas facts Nominated by President Franklin D Roosevelt, Douglas was confirmed at the age of 40, one of the youngest justices appointed to the court His term, lasting 36 years … Douglas was also criticized for accepting $350 for an article he wrote on folk music in the magazine Avant Garde. They put in at the low water bridge at Boxley. [12], Douglas became president of the Parvin Foundation. Describing Douglas's article, Ford stated, "The article itself is not pornographic, although it praises the lusty, lurid, and risqué along with the social protest of left-wing folk singers." [6], His father died in Portland, Oregon, in 1904, when Douglas was six years old. After serving as the third chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, Douglas was successfully nominated to the Supreme Court in 1939, succeeding Justice Louis Brandeis. William O. Douglas Hall was named in his honor at his alma mater, Douglas Hall, apartments for continuing students at. Many Democrats, believing that Truman could not be elected in November, began trying to find a replacement candidate. [45], According to Joshua E. He died on February 15, 1989 in Washington, USA. In a private letter to his neighbors, he said: "I wrote you last fall or winter that federal agents were in Yakima and Goose Prairie looking me over at Goose Prairie. He wrote notable concurring or dissenting opinions in cases such as Dennis v. United States (1951), Terry v. Ohio (1968), and Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969). During those years, he wrote some thirty books in addition to his opinions and dissenting opinions and gave more speeches than any other justice. He was a writer, known for Studio One (1948), Howard K. Smith (1962) and What's My Line? Hardcover. An attempt to have Douglas impeached and then brought to a Senate trial would further cement the Republican "Southern Strategy", as most of Ford's congressional allies against Douglas were Southern Democrats. Douglas earned $600 for his work, enabling him to stay in school. William O. Douglas was born on October 16, 1898 in Maine Township, Minnesota, USA as William Orville Douglas. In the end, however, none of these agencies had any evidence of wrongdoing by Douglas. Kastenberg[who?] There, she called Douglas and asked for an appointment to see him. "[26] The U.S. military ignored Douglas's order. [30] He served on the Board of Directors of the Sierra Club from 1960 to 1962 and wrote prolifically on his love of the outdoors. After an itinerant childhood, Douglas attended Whitman College on a scholarship. But I learned in New York City yesterday that they were planting marijuana with the prospect of a nice big TV-covered raid in July or August. On October 2, 1949, Douglas had thirteen of his ribs broken after he was thrown from a horse and tumbled down a rocky hillside. On July 7, 1953, the committee voted to end the investigation. The Red River Gorge's Douglas Trail is named in his honor. He was an actor, known for The Outer Limits (1963), Heaven and Earth (1987) and PT 109 (1963). [10], Six months later, Douglas's funds were running out. [17], In 1939, Justice Louis D. Brandeis retired from the Court, and Roosevelt nominated Douglas as his replacement on March 20. During the summer of 1925, Douglas started work at the firm of Cravath, DeGersdorff, Swaine and Wood (later Cravath, Swaine & Moore) after failing to obtain a Supreme Court clerkship with Justice Harlan F. Douglas had departed for vacation, but on learning of the special session of the Court, he returned to Washington. [16] Douglas was Brandeis's personal choice as a successor. [23] On Friday, August 3, 1973, Douglas held a hearing in the Yakima federal courthouse, where he dismissed the Government's argument that he was causing a "constitutional confrontation" by saying, "we live in a world of confrontations. He refused to accept his retirement and tried to participate in the Court's cases well into 1976, after John Paul Stevens had taken his former seat. He entered Whitman College in 1916, but his studies were interrupted by military service in World War I. Douglas was graduated from Whitman in 1920 and taught school for two years before attending law school at Columbia University. In 1961, Douglas pursued Joan "Joanie" Martin, an Allegheny College student writing her thesis on him. [6] Douglas graduated second in his class at Columbia in 1925. In his dissenting opinion in the landmark environmental law case Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727 (1972), Douglas argued that "inanimate objects" should have standing to sue in court: The critical question of "standing" would be simplified and also put neatly in focus if we fashioned a federal rule that allowed environmental issues to be litigated before federal agencies or federal courts in the name of the inanimate object about to be despoiled, defaced, or invaded by roads and bulldozers and where injury is the subject of public outrage. His term, lasting 36 years and 211 days (1939–75), is the longest in the history of the Supreme Court. For example, Douglas wrote the decision in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) in stating that a constitutional right to privacy forbids state contraception bans because "specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance. Douglas's active role in advocating the preservation and protection of wilderness across the United States made him nicknamed "Wild Bill". He once said of his early interest in the law: I worked among the very, very poor, the migrant laborers, the Chicanos and the I.W.W's who I saw being shot at by the police. [23] Douglas met with the congresswoman's ACLU lawyers at his home in Goose Prairie, Washington, and promised them a hearing the next day. Douglas wrote many books about his experiences and observations during these trips. [14] Robert Maynard Hutchins described Douglas as "the most outstanding law professor in the nation. After one year, he moved back to Yakima, but soon regretted the move and never practiced law in the state. Seven of his fellow justices voted to postpone until the next term any argued case in which Douglas's vote might make a difference. The act that soon followed designated the Buffalo River as America's first National River. They are 'search and destroy' people. He worked at various jobs while attending school, including as a waiter and janitor during the school year, and at a cherry orchard in the summer. Stone. "[7], He traveled to New York taking a job tending sheep on a Chicago-bound train, in return for free passage, with hopes to attend the Columbia Law School. That social/political group befriended Lyndon Johnson, a freshman representative from the 10th District of Texas. "[16][21] That went too far for Hugo Black, who dissented in Griswold despite having been allies with Douglas. The river as plaintiff speaks for the ecological unit of life that is part of it. On July 15, 1966, Douglas married Cathleen Heffernan, then a 22-year-old student at Marylhurst College. He was elected to the Ecology Hall of Fame for his dedication to conservation. Douglas was sworn into office on April 17, 1939. Douglas nearly died from a high fever shortly before his second birthday and was seriously ill for weeks. [15] In the summer of 1963, he divorced Davidson; later that year, at the age of 64, Douglas married 23-year-old Martin on August 5, 1963. Douglas's formal resignation was submitted, as required by federal protocols, to his longtime political nemesis, then-President Gerald Ford. Ford also attacked Douglas for publishing an article in Evergreen Review, which he claimed was known to publish photographs of naked women. On June 17, 1953, US Representative William M. Wheeler of Georgia, infuriated by Douglas's brief stay of execution in the Rosenberg case, introduced a resolution to impeach him. William Orville Douglas (16 October 1898 – 19 January 1980) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Generation also known as The Greatest Generation. "[39] Truman selected Senator Alben W. Barkley and the two won the election. Douglas's former friend Thomas Gardiner Corcoran represented Riddle in the divorce, securing alimony with an "escalator clause" that financially motivated Douglas to publish more books. "[6], In general, legal scholars have noted that Douglas's judicial style was unusual in that he did not attempt to elaborate justifications for his judicial positions on the basis of text, history, or precedent. | He was a writer, known for Studio One in Hollywood (1948), The Ken Murray Show (1950) and Howard K. Smith (1962). Oyez project, U.S. Supreme Court media on William O. Douglas. [32] The decision was opposed by the region's Corps of Army Engineers. In the end, Eisenhower refused to be drafted, and Truman won nomination easily. [citation needed]. That experience made him a fan of the river and the young organization's idea of protecting it. Nominated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Douglas was confirmed at the age of 40, one of the youngest justices appointed to the court. William O. Douglas: A Biography by Edwin Palmer Hoyt and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. Maine Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Path to Power, Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association, Democratic vice presidential nomination of 1944, Go East, Young Man: The Early Years; The Autobiography of William O. Douglas, Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States, List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States, List of U.S. Supreme Court Justices by time in office, United States Supreme Court cases during the Burger Court, United States Supreme Court cases during the Hughes Court, United States Supreme Court cases during the Stone Court, United States Supreme Court cases during the Vinson Court, United States Supreme Court cases during the Warren Court, "Members of the Supreme Court of the United States", "The Law: The Court's Uncompromising Libertarian", "William O. Douglas: 1939–1975 : Sage Knowledge", Supreme Court Justices Who Are Phi Beta Kappa Members, Moses, James L.. 1996. Official Sites. House Judiciary Chairman Emanuel Celler handled the case carefully and did not uncover evidence of any criminal conduct by Douglas. William Orville Douglas was born on October 16, 1898, in the town of Maine, Minnesota. The C&O Canal NHP would not be a national park without the preservation efforts of Justice Douglas. Five days before the vice presidential nominee was to be chosen at the convention, on July 15, Committee chairman Robert E. Hannegan received a letter from Roosevelt stating that his choice for the nominee would be either "Harry Truman or Bill Douglas". of the University of New Mexico School of Law, there were several purposes behind Ford's and Nixon's push to have Douglas impeached. Records in the Library of Congress showed that from June to December 1918, Douglas served as (what the War Department's regulations termed) "a soldier in the Army of the United States ... placed upon active-duty status immediately." William O. Douglas : biography October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980 In 1944 Douglas voted with the majority to uphold Japanese wartime internment, in Korematsu v. United States, but over the course of his career he grew to become a leading advocate of … [22], Douglas took strong positions on the Vietnam War. William Orville Douglas was born in Maine Township, Minnesota, United States in 1898 to a poor family. [16], Judge Richard A. Posner, who was a law clerk at the Court during the latter part of Douglas's tenure, characterized him as "a bored, distracted, uncollegial, irresponsible" Supreme Court justice, as well as "rude, ice-cold, hot-tempered, ungrateful, foul-mouthed, self-absorbed" and so abusive in "treatment of his staff to the point where his law clerks—whom he described as 'the lowest form of human life'—took to calling him "shithead" behind his back." He was married to Cathleen Hefferman, Joan Martin, Mercedes Davidson and Mildred Riddle. He wrote to his friend and former student Abe Fortas: "My ideas are way out of line with current trends, and I see no particular point in staying around and being obnoxious."[40]. Douglas was afflicted with polio as a young man, and he was raised in Washington, where he became a distinguished scholar and lawyer, obtaining a BA from Whitman College in 1920 before getting his LL B from Columbia University in 1925. [6] Douglas married Davidson on December 14, 1954.[15][57]. He was a writer, known for Studio One in Hollywood (1948), The Ken Murray Show (1950) and Howard K. Smith (1962). "[44], As it became clear that the impeachment proceedings would be unsuccessful, they were brought to a close and no public vote on the matter was taken. [5] His mother attributed his recovery to a miracle, telling Douglas that one day he would be President of the United States. While at Whitman, Douglas became a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity. William O. Douglas Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University. [60] Though their age difference was a subject of national controversy at the time of their marriage,[61] they remained together until his death in 1980. First, while it was true that Nixon and Ford were angered at the Senate's determination not to confirm Haynsworth and Carswell, Nixon had a deep-seated hatred of Douglas. At the age of 4 William was stricken with polio; to strengthen his … He was married to Cathleen Hefferman, Joan Martin, Mercedes Davidson and Mildred Riddle. However, Douglas maintained that the travel gave him a world-wide perspective that was helpful in resolving cases before the Court. Other than writers from National Geographic—whom he sometimes met on the road—Douglas was one of the few American travel writers to visit these remote regions during this period in time. Eriksson Publisher, Paul S., 1979. [23], In Schlesinger v. Holtzman (1973) Justice Thurgood Marshall issued an in-chambers opinion declining a congresswoman's request for a court order stopping the military from bombing Cambodia. Withdrew his name from consideration on April 4 by a vote of to! Faculty of Yale Law School, where he became severely burdened financially because of a bitter and. For continuing students at most outstanding Law professor in the history of Parvin! The Law and eloquence unsuccessful attempts to remove William O. Douglas ( 1898–1980 ) was interviewed by journalist Langer... And third wives all the history of the Supreme Court Roadless area as the radio and Nixon! To hit back at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University USA as William Orville Douglas soon! The next term any argued case in which Douglas 's funds were running out him down Washington! Setbacks after divorces and settlements with his first wife [ 39 ] Truman selected Senator W.. 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